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The catholic church didn’t recognise Israel until 1993 when the fundamental agreement between the Vatican and Israel was established, recognising the process of reconciliation leading to diplomatic relations in mutual understanding and friendship.

In the agreement Israel confirms their commitment to maintain christian places of interest, and the document iincludes a declaration on religious freedom and conscience as set forth in the universal declaration of human rights, and a commitment to combat antisemitism and religious intolerance.

In 2006 there was a formal treaty between the vatican and palestinians focusing on civil rights, property and operational freedom of the church in palestinian territories.

The catholic church, along with a broad international consensus are in favour of a two state solution though inhabitants of Samaria and Gaza are considered by some to be two distinct sub-cultures. Possibly stemming from geographical separation, differing historical administrations and diverse demographics.

According to a report, Abu-Bilal al-Minuki, described as second in command of islamic state globally has been killed along with several lieutenants in a strike by the u.s. and Nigeria in a compound in Lake Chad in the early hours of Saturday.

Reportedly, around 90% of recent islamic state attacks have taken place in the Sahel and west Africa with the u.s. saying the Sahel has become too strategic to ignore. The region is rich in gold and oil.

According to a report, colleagues of british prime minister and Labour leader sir Keir Starmer say they have lost confidence in his ability to lead them forward, with four ministers resigning and atleast 80 ministers urging him to quit.

Reportedly, criticism from within the party concerned a lack of bold action and values driven leadership. According to the report, following Labour’s poor results in the uk general election on May 7 some ministers were of thr opinion that the public had lost trust in Mr Starmer because of things like the termination of the winter fuel allowance.

Reform, founded in 2018 as the brexit party won the most seats in the election, winning 1454 seats in total. Labour won only 1,068 seats, losing 1,100. The Liberal democrats won 142 more seats winning a total of 844 seats. Conservatives lost 433 seats winning 801 seats and the Greens won 393 more seats making a total of 587.

Some israeli political groups are in favour of a greater Israel similar to the time of King David who went to war and expanded Israel’s borders, annexing parts of Jordan, Syria’s Golan heights, Egypt’s Sinai peninsula and Philistia or modern day Gaza.

The philistines were known as sea people who were said to be from greek islands in the Aegan Sea. They fought in Egypt but were defeated and settled in what is now Gaza around the 12th Century bc. They were deported to what is now Iraq in 604 bc during the neo-Babylonian empire. They may have been assimilated but it is possible that they returned to Gaza.

Israel have occupied and administered the majority of the Golan heights since the 6 day war in 1967 when they fought Egypt, Syria and Jordan, taking back Samaria and east Jerusalem from Jordan and annexing the Golan heights and Egypt’s Sinai peninsula, though they withdrew from the Sinai in 1982. They withdrew from Gaza in 2005 .

The King James version was translated from the original text of the hebrew bible and the greek of the new testament in 1604 as was the Jerusalem bible which was first published in 1956, the new international version (1978) and the english standard version (2001).

The Jerusalem bible contains 7 extra books, mainly historical which Jewish scholars don’t classify as divine, possibly because characters in books like the Maccabees were seen as too extreme.

The Thompson chain reference bible is popular acrosst various denominations and is good for study because it contains topic reference chains and an archaeological section. It is available in multiple versions.

During thr 4th Century ordinary time the universal christlan church began to debate the idea of Jesus in relation to the father, with one side of the debate believing that Jesus is subordinate to the father and the other that the father, Jesus and the holy spirit are as three distinct parts sharing one nature. This idea of the trinity won , but regarding the status of Jesus in relation to the father, is the idea of who is better than who polite?

According to a report, on 25 January there was a large scale demolition of the united nations relief and works agency headquarters in east Jerusalem. Reportedly, unrwa was formed in 1949 to help palestinians who lost both home and means of livelihood following the re-creation of the Israeli state and proceeding war.

According to reports, unrwa employees constitute 99% of locally recruited palestinians and they have been accused by Israel and their allies including the u.s. of having links to hamas. Hamas have governed Gaza since 2007 and many countries have designated them a terrorist organisation, as such some are sceptical of figures of deaths and injuries provided by them.

Reportedly, on 25 January the israeli government cut water and power supplies to the Shu’fat camp in east Jerusalem. According to reports, Israel have been criticised for the same policies in Samaria where they have been accused of squeezing palestinians out of their homes. Samaria is made up of three administrative areas, area a is governed by the palestinian authority, the pa hold civilian control and Israel retains security control in area b which is mainly rural, while area c which covers 60% of Samaria is under full israeli control. Reportedly, area c is home to between 300,000-354,000 palestinians and 491,000-500,000 israelis. According to a report, between 2009-2018 only 2% of palestinian construction requests were approved, those building without permits face a constant risk of demolition.

Plato’s theory of forms is a philosophical theory arguing that the physical world is chaotic, temporary and not as real as the non physical world which works independently of the physical world.

Platonism involves wanting the best possible outcome in any given situation and reaching out to the divine for the virtues needed to help. Plato’s idea of god is not as a single figure but a transcendent source, and according to Plato, his forms such as goodness and justice exist as god’s thoughts.

Many platonic notions were adopted by the christian church, but according to Plato the virtues bestowed last only as long as required for any given situation whilst in christianity the individual maintains the virtue he/she developed in a situation.

According to a report, the u.s. president will act as chairman of a new board of peace for Gaza as will middle east envoy Steve Witcoff and the president’s son in law, Jared Kushner. Reportedly, founding members are u.s. secretary of state Mark Rubio and former uk prime minister Tony Blair, who in August took part in comprehensive discussions with u.s. officials regarding plans for the territory.

Mr Blair was prime minister of the uk from 1997-2007 and was knighted in 2022. According to the report, in September Britain’s secretary of health drew attention to Mr Blair’s role in brokering the 1998 Belfast agreement, the u.k.’s answer to troubles in northern Ireland, and there was some controversy when he was appointed as middle east envoy for the u.n., u.s., e.u. and Russia following the 2023 war in Iraq.

According to the report, under phase one of a comprehensive plan to end the Gaza conflict, Israel and hamas agreed a ceasefire, a hostage-prisoner exchange, a partial israeli withdrawal and an increase in aid. Reportedly, phase 2 would see the reconstruction and demilitarisation of Gaza, including the disarmament of hamas and other palestinian groups.

According to the report, the focus of Gaza’s new board of peace is economic development and to create the conditions to move towards a two state solution. Reportedly, the former deputy minister in the palestinian authority which governs parts of Samaria not under Israeli control will lead a new national committee to administrate Gaza, and bulgarian politician and former middle east envoy Nickolay Mladenov will be working with them on the ground. According to the report, there will also be another executive board that includes further appointees, and a plan to place an international stabilising force to train and support vetted palestinian police forces in order to establish a durable terror free environment.

According to a report, the u.s. have seized several tankers of Venezuelan oil this week and the Whitehouse said they are working to selectively reduce u.s. sanctions that have restricted sales. Reportedly, officials say they have been coordinating with Venezuela’s interim government led by their former vice president, but that they intend to exert control over the sales.

According to the report, Venezuela has had a complicated relationship with international oil firms since the first major oil field of importance was discovered in 1914, which was followed by a massive influx of foreign oil companies. Reportedly, ExxonMobile and ConocoPhilips had their assets seized in 2007 after they declined to restructure their holdings to give pdsa, Venezuela’s state oil company majority control. According to the report, two waves of oil industry nationalism in the 1970s and 2000s forced many of them to hurriedly withdraw from the country leaving behind huge losses that they have yet to recoup.

According to the report, the u.s. president has suggested a $100 billion investment into Venezuela’s oil industry, but no major financial commitments were forthcoming. Reportedly, leaders of the biggest u.s. oil firms said that Venezuela represented an enticing opportunity but significant changes from a commercial and legal standpoint and a government that can ensure security would be needed to make the region an attractive investment.