Today. Israel is inhabited by the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi. Around 930 bc Israel split with the kingdom of Judah due to high taxes, the prospect of war and other suzerain issues. The tribes of Benjamin and Levi aligned with Judah and Benjamin was assimilated but the tribe of Levi didn’t assimilate. The Levites who didn’t have their own land territory were set apart as priests and caretakers of the temple.
The socialist northern kingdom of Israel lasted about 200 years until an assyrian conquest in 722 bc which led to 10 tribes being moved to present day Iran. Termed the 10 lost tribes of Israel, they never returned though if they were invited back this might provide a new political balance in Israel.