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The number of positive covid test results is on the rise in Ireland and doesn’t equate with reported clinical cases. Both regular covid tests use a mucous sample. The rapid antigen test is thought to detect the presence of specific viruses attached to the mucous cells and probably can’t detect the presence of pathogens within the cell. Perhaps the pcr test would but could a positive pcr test result from the detection of antibodies within the cell? Online experts say no. Pcr or polymerise reaction tests seemingly test the probable path of genetic material, ie RNA/DNA reportedly using several controlled heating and cooling cycles. No more details.

The dilemma concerning immunity appears to be that online experts are reluctant to ascertain that the presence of antibodies indicate immunity, yet always have. Some good news is that according to a medical journal, an examination of individuals previously exposed to middle eastern respiratory syndrome, another corona virus, show a level of immunity to covid 19, though many were thought to be unvaccinated.

Romania is situated in south eastern europe. It was known for Bran Castle of dracula fame. It is the twelfth largest and seventh most populous country in europe, with 19.3 million residents.

Historically, romans, goths and other tribes invaded. The huns are thought to have invaded around 376. Their empire reportedly crumbled during the fifth Century. According to a report, huns forced a remnant of the population into submission. No details, though later invasions of the bulgars were said to have displaced magyars. All believed to have originated from Bulgaria.

The avar khaginate or Muslim state is believed to have collapsed in the 790’s. The bulgars seemingly became the dominant group. The council of Prelav reportedly legalised Christianity leading to the opening of literary schools. Bulgaria became the spiritual and cultural capital of slavic Europe. The first reported Bulgarian empire was thought to be late 9th Century.

The 20th Century Munich agreement which gave away Czekoslovakia reportedly convinced Carol II that the uk and france could not defend Romania’s interests. He is said to have supplied Hitler who was preparing for a second world war, with oil. Territorial losses to the soviet union, hungary and bulgaria are thought to have contributed to King Carol’s minor son replacing him, under the leadership of general Ion Antonescu who signed a pact with germany, italy and japan. The iron guard reportedly staged a coup against Antonescu but he defeated them. He introduced military rule in 1941, the same year Romania entered the second world war, regaining territory from the soviets.

Romania reportedly accompanied Germany to Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transinitra where more than 160,000 local Jewish people were murdered. According to a report, Hitler placed Transinitra under Romanian administration. Reportedly most Jews living in other areas survived but their rights were curtailed: Germany occupied Hungary during which time 130,000 Hungarian speaking Jews from northern Transylvania were taken to death camps with the support of the hungarian administration.

After the soviet victory in the battle of Stalingrad, 1943, Luliu Maniu, a leader of the opposition to Antonescu reportedly entered into secret negotiations with british contingents who insisted that Romania had to seek reconciliation with the soviet union. According to the report, after a successful soviet offensive the young king Michael I ordered Antonescu’s arrest. He then invited politicians from the national liberals and the peasants’ movement to join the government. Romania then fought with russia against hungary and germany. Stalin however regarded Romania as an occupied country and reportedly instructed the king to make Petru Groza the communists’ party candidate, prime minister.

THE 1947 paris peace treaties followed, and the return of northern Transylvania to Romania. Also according to reports, u.n. recognition of soviet troops in Romania. Georghe Georghe-Dej, previously jailed for agitation became party leader. He and others reportedly forced Michael to abdicate and claimed Romania a peoples’ republic. In 1948, the state began to nationalise private firms and collectivise agriculture. No private business. Some believed to be enemies of the state were transported to be interned in Siberia. This may have lead to a different outlook.

In 1965, Nicolae Ceauşescu came to power. He is believed to have tried to be friends with everyone, though independent. According to a report, Romania’s foreign debt rose significantly between 1977 and 1981, the equivalent of 3 billion to 10 billion u.s. dollars resulting in a growing influence of the imf and the world bank. He resorted to austerity measures in order to pay off the debt, which he did. The effects though were poverty, leading to unrest and a takeover.

The first party to replace Nicolae Ceauşescu was reportedly the national salvation front lead by Ion Lliescu. Protests were said to have degenerated into violence. The nsf who reportedly weren’t believed, didn’t survive and splintered into several political parties. The democratic process was called into question. Emil Constantinescu was elected president in 1996. Lliescu returned to power in 2000. Traian Bâsescu was elected in 2004. During 2017/18 there were massive protests in Romania, said to be involving hundreds and thousands of protestors across the country. A national anti corruption directorate was formed in 2002.

The constitution of Romania is thought to be based on France’s republic. Said to be a multi party democratic system. There was reportedly a seperation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial spheres thought to be 2002. Believed now to be uniform in Europe, but whose directive?

Reportedly, current Romanian protocol is that executive powers are held by both the prime minister and the president. The president is seemingly elected by popular vote, who then appoints the prime minister who appoints the council of ministers. The model is believed to be in place elsewhere in europe, Africa and beyond. Has resulted in a question of government integrity.

Between the wars Romania consisted of territories claimed by themselves on behalf of modality. A new Hungarian minister for minorities offered the idea of referendums to decide the future of disputed territories but past policies of migration would mean a pro Hungarian result.

Territorial changes following world war 1 also applied to Czekoslavakia and Serbia. The three entered Hungary reportedly during a ceasefire ordered by the u.s. and reclaimed territory. Lead to cultural groups, mainly Hungarians or Magyars becoming minority ethnic groups recognised under the 1923 constitution of Romania.

Between 1920-1930 Romania’s king was Carol II, said to be of a german royal family and reportedly the first generation to be born in Romania. Consequently Romania fought with Germany, and during the course of the war lost territories to the soviet union, Hungary and Bulgaria.

Romania accompanied nazi troops to the soviet union where mass shootings and gassing were reportedly carried out. Atrocities together with serial air attacks by the allies may have been the reason why Romania changed sides yet the allies would not allow them to exit the war. Carol II was deposed in favour of his son Michael who reportedly organised a coup following a refusal by the communist party to make a deal. In 1944, Ion Antonescu, Romanian soldier and minister for defence was dismissed, arrested and charged with war crimes. The case for the prosecution claimed he was antisemitic and responsible for the deaths of many Jews, yet he reportedly established military rule as a way of dealing with pogroms which resulted in thousands being killed. When over a hundred people died during the Bucharest pogrom the Iron guard was prohibited and legionnaires said to be imprisoned.

In 1946 reportedly Antonescu was put on trial by the allied control commision. His defence did not recognise the military dictates of Germany who infact were dictated to by as called high germans or people of saxon descent. King Michael received pleas for clemency from Antonescu’s mother. He was executed by firing squad in 1946. His successor was posted as a military attache in London. Soviets signed a peace pact with the u.n. According to reports, Romania’s communist government began to assert independence. King Michael was exiled soon after the wedding of Elizabeth II and Philip. Soviet troops left Romania by 1958. The socialist republic of Romania existed until 1989.

Romania entered the first world war against Hungary, reportedly after making a deal with the allies with regard to the contested Transylvania. Hungary were then part of a duel monarchy with Austria which was expanding rapidly. The kingdom of Austria Hungary, also known as a small empire reportedly included Poland, Croatia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia and the Ukraine. May have failed due to a revival of nationalism, though externally they were attracting attention as a power in europe. Following their defeat by the allies in 1918. Charles IV of the house of Habsburg was overthrown by prime minister count Tisza and exiled. Two years later Miklós Horthy, a military man was instated as regent, by whom is not detailed. Count Tisza who reportedly maintained contact with the allies, planned to divide Romania between Hungary and Russia leaving buffer states of Moldova and Azerbaijan between east and west.

Historically, the Hasburgs ruled the kingdom of Hungary fom the 16th Century. Thought to be of saxon heritage, they may also have other ancestral homes. During the 16th Century, Arabian delegates ruled central and southern parts in what was known as Ottoman Hungary, until 1699. Transylvania, the land beyond the forests was defined as a semi autonomous region and ruled by saxon counts.

The house of Habsburg reportedly fought alongside the Austrian empire against Hungary in 1869, seemingly leading to a duel monarchy. The empire is thought to have crumbled fifty years or so later due to a vye for leadership, a revival of nationalism and international competition.

Bela IV of Hungary and the house of Arpád who ruled during the 13th Century was reportedly coronated during his father’s life time by a group of officials. Strongly opposed by his father he is not detailed to have taken the reigns until his father’s death twenty one or so years later. Early in his reign his army was said to have been decimated by a mongolian invasion. Said to be involved in reconstruction and defence he reportedly made allies in the Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. Bela IV’s policies are detailed as de-emphasising culture in favour of migration and integration. Early 20th Century demographics record a homogenous population, including Romania. Romanies are thought to have been dispersed. Romanian children were adopted in Ireland over the years, perhaps in sympathy, having similar treatment.

According to reports, recent Irish covid test results indicate a surge, but should be considered alongside other details. Irish demographics record a low fatality rate of 2,154 compared to other european nations, mainly elderly. Irish covid positive cases, currently at 78,776 compared to reported clinical cases, few, lead to the conclusion that a positive test result may indicate immunity.

The first Bulgarian empire was thought to be around 893. The magyars, now known as Hungarians invaded the land of the lower Danube, present day Romania, thought to be in the 830’s, possibly following a feud with the Bulgars. One prominent group, the Székelys claimed to be descendants of Attila the Hun. The integration of Transylvania into the székely nation of Hungary reportedly began around 1003.

Reportedly the peasant wars occured in Romania, Germany and elsewhere in europe. The Transylvanian uprising thought to be of the indigenous population began from local disturbances and was reportedly opposed to both saxon and Romanian nobility, though this is disputed. The protests were concerned with poverty and freedoms. Non payment of rent and taxes resulted in ownership known as serfdom. Some salt mine workers and poor town people are said to have joined the revolt. Saxon troops lead by székely counts were quelling rebellions. By 1346 the catholic church in the area had reportedly made a pro protestant ally, a Hussite who was asked to help. Many székely assemblies occured, reportedly for judicial purposes. The Diet of Hungary conceded that Romanian nobility no longer had to pay tithes but poor people did.

Rebels marched to the town of Kolosvar and invaded and plundered the Báthrory estate, a Hungarian dynasty that ruled the military, church and administration. The Báthrorys had beaten Maximilian II to the throne. The rebels reportedly beheaded an unknown number of the gentry. Saxon leaders ordered a blockade which resulted in famine and defeat. According to documentation nine leaders of the revolt were executed, rebel groups were annihilated and those meant to be defending Kolosvar mutilated.

Rents were raised and saxons were accused of being unable to control the peasants. Bishop Lépes tried to help though the region was autonomous. He advocated a conference rather than military action. The peasants sent four envoys who reportedly asked for freedom from serfdom and an end to the abuses occurring on collection of rents. The envoys were tortured and murdered. A second agreement suggested delegates from the saxons and the peasants, thought to be Romanian, travel to the king in Prague so that he could arbitrate. Romanians asked for their freedoms back, freedoms they said were curtailed by every kind of subterfuge. The meeting is not thought to have occurred.

According to reports Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, former president of France passed away on 2 December 2020 at the age of 94. His father had been a finance minister in France for Germany, thought to be around the time of the first world war. May have been saxon. He is believed to have married a french girl. Reportedly Valéry began a career in politics in 1953. He quickly ascended and became the youngest ever finance minister. At the age of 34 in 1974, a time of European recession he became president of France. He is said to have cut public spending, controlled wages and expanded France’s nuclear program; often said to be mainly for the generation of electricity, though according to reports France was nuclear testing in the Pacific throughout this period and since. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing lost the support of president Charles de Gaulle, and on leaving his position he is said to have campaigned against de Gaulle who was succeeded by Georges Pompidou in 1969. He was reinstated and became a conservative candidate. In 1974 at the age of 48 he won the presidency from the socialist alliance.

Austerity measures and high unemployment meant poverty. His re-election campagn which focused on the economy and as called nuclear independence failed. Socialism was said to have returned to France in 1981 under Françoise Mitterband, Unbelievably Françoise Mitterband is said to have started as nationalist right wing. May have been an attempt to influence socialist France. He reportedly served under the Vichy regime. In 1940 with the defeat of France in the second world war,” an agreement was reportedly signed between Germany and members of the french government, though Paul Reynaud resigned as prime minister rather than sign the armistice which transformed the republic into an authoritarian state accused of collaborating with Nazi Germany.

The bombing of the Rainbow Warrior occurred during Françoise Mitterband’s presidency. The incident occurred because the Warrior was said to be following a french military ship involved in nuclear tests on the island of Moruroa in Polynesia where testing reportedly began in 1966. Two bombs were said to have been planted by french agents in Auckland harbour. One man, Fernando Pereira lost his life. Two french agents were caught by New Zealand police. They pleaded guilty to manslaughter and were sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. France reportedly threatened an economic embargo of New Zealand exports to the then eec if they weren’t released. France, a member of the u.n. may have even been working under u.n. protocol. According to various reports the u.s. and u.k. have similar involvement. Nuclear testing in the Pacific is believed to have begun in the 1940’s and according to some reports ceased in 1996. This is untrue.

All communication with the u.n. regarding the incident was to refer to a breach of international law rather than an act of terrorism. According to a report the agents were said to have been imprisoned near a military base on a coral reef on the Toamotu Islands, believed to be involved in the tests, and released a little over two years later. Though no more news of nuclear testing, reportedly the island of Moruroa is guarded.

Nuclear testing has resulted in a high incidence of leukemia and other cancers of the thyroid, lung and breast. Other consequences are displaced populations and loss of home and environment.

According to reports the psd or social democrats have won the election in Romania by a narrow margin of 1.5% over the previously presiding pnl who were criticised for covid restrictions which closed the shops and markets where Romanian goods were sold, the closing of schools, the health care system and for millions of infected masks that are said to have pervaded the market: According to figures, the covid pandemic has resulted in over 12,000 deaths in Romania

According to a report the psd were ousted from power in 2019 after attempting to extend government influence over the judiciary.

According to reports a deal between the eu and the u.k. is conditional on issues of governance, fishing rights and a level playing field for business. On governance issues, chiefly the u.k don’t wish to reform their banking legislation, reportedly the main reason for their exit from the eu. Governance issues may include conforming to eu standards in other areas, such as social welfare for instance. Britain has the lowest unemployment benefit in the eu. Another area concerning the eu according to media is fishing rights. Obviously Europe will have no future fishing rights in British waters, so are the real issues being papered over?

Britain’s concerns, apart from tariffs are what the uk term as northern Ireland protocol. Seemingly no border between north and south, or hard border as described. A permeable border has been suggested by the Irish government.

The uk are due to leave the eu trading regime at the end of 2020 and discussions will seemingly continue this week. Fisheries is reportedly one topic on the agenda, but what would constitute British waters in former agreements? Possibly waters belonging to members of the commonwealth and perhaps other agreements. Eu access to these waters may have been an incentive. Logically this has to cease.

The eu are talking about fair competition. The uk’s main issue may be their exit from the customs union. According to reports the single market may be difficult to govern, northern Ireland have reportedly been given a concession to remain by the eu commision, and told to veto any border checks by the uk government. From next year, tariffs and import charges will affect businesses who usually trade with the uk, who should find other trade partners within the eu. Extra inter-Europe ferries are being planned, but it is thought they will have to circumnavigate British waters.