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According to a report, northern Ireland protocol has been the most challenging aspect of Brexit. Reportedly, unionists have affirmed their unalterable rejection of the protocol, a reason being lack of funding. Reportedly a source said eu commision leaders want to encourage unionists to look more towards Dublin for support in addressing their concerns.

Reportedly, Michel Barnier who served as the eu’s head of taskforce for the preparation and conduct of negotiations with the uk has proposed that France be exempt from the ruling of the european court of justice and the european court of human rights.

According to reports President Macron innitiated the creation of a european rapid reaction force, eurofor in 1995 in Lisbon with Italy, Portugal and Spain. Reportedly eurofor was answerable to the western european union whose founding treaty, the treaty of Brussels provided for military cooperation between member nations.

Reportedly eurofor who became part of the common security and defence policy, man power of 3,741,229 in 2016 became an eu battle group, but disagreements among the 13 member states resulted in nondeployment. According to a report Macron innitiated the european civil protection force which became operational in 2019.

Reportedly the social democratic party won the majority in the German elections, gaining 53 seats. According to the report, the free democratic party and the greens have agreed to meet each other to discuss the possibility of a coalition. Reportedly, according to an spd source, following the 2017 elections a month of coalition talks resulted in the fdp walking out on the christian democratic union, after which it took six months to form a government.

According to a report an undersea power connection between the uk and Norway became operational on 1 October. According to the president of the uk national grid the idea is to diversify and decarbonise the uk’s electricity supply. Reportedly 96% of Norway’s energy is generated from hydropower. According to a statement, when wind generation is high in the uk and demand is low, power will be exported from the uk to Norway conserving water in Norway’s reservoirs, and when demand is high in the uk but wind generation low, power will be transported from Norway to the uk.

According to the report the new power line is the fifth interconnecting with the uk national grid, the others being Belgium, France and the Netherlands. Reportedly, Statnett, Norway’s power system operator is also involved with a connection between Norway and Germany which went online last winter. Statnett is owned by the ministry of petroleum and energy.

According to a report the turnout for the Russian parliamentary election, September 17-19 was 51.72%. United Russia won 324 seats, the Communist party of the Russian Federation 57 seats, A Just Russia 27, Liberal Democratic party of Russia 21, New People 13 and Independent 5, candidates unpublished.

Reportedly United Russia formed as a merger of the unity party and The Fatherland, All Russia OVR. The kremlin were said to be wary of an OVR victory. According to a report, since United Russia became the dominant party President Putin has passed 93% of legislation compared to a previous 73%.

Alexia Navalny is the jailed leader of Russia for the Future, founded in 2012. The party is reformist and openly opposes United Russia whose philosophy reportedly is conservatism, nationalism, pragmatism and statism.

According to a report, in 1927 a recommendation was made for an Irish currency that was to remain fixed to the pound sterling, known as the saorstát pound. Reportedly, in 1938 a central bank with independant functions was recommended. In 1926 a banking commission was established, chaired by Henry Parker Willis who between 1914-18 was the first secretary of the federal reserve board of the united states.

The federal reserve, the United States central bank, prints money and provides financial services to government though it does not otherwise increase the amount of money in circulation nationally. Reportedly a central bank can loan to other governments without decreasing value.

According to a report the central bank of Ireland is now an agency for the european central bank, and produces euro bank notes at its currency centre. Reportedly, since 2002 the central bank has printed only €10 notes. Notes with serial numbers prefixed T are reportedly printed in Ireland and notes printed by the cbi have a prefix K before the series code. The difference between an independant nation and a commonwealth state is thought to be the freedom to print money as required by government.

According to a report, climate change ambitions and the industrial emmisions directive, the eu law regulating greenhouse emissions has resulted in the proposed closure of two coal and oil burning electricity plants from 2023-25, which could leave Ireland with an energy deficit of 1/5 of peak requirements. Reportedly, to avert a crisis the commision for the regulation of utilities are in talks with owners of gas and oil burning generators about keeping them open.

According to a report gas is used to generate 50% of Ireland’s electricity. Bord Gáis gas prices are due to increase by 12%, electricity by 10% on 24 October. Reportedly over 50,000 northern Ireland customers will be affected by a gas price rise of 33%. Said to be due to a 200% increase in global gas prices.

According to a report, over 10,000 people left Haiti following the assassination of President Jovenel Moise in July and a reported 7.2 magnitude earthquake in August, resulting in the death of atleast fourteen hundred people. Thirty seven thousand homes were said to have been damaged or destroyed. On September 17 an estimated fourteen hundred migrants were camping on the Mexico-U.S. border.

Haiti and the Dominican republic form Espãnola Island, anglicised as Hispanola. Originally a Spanish colony, during the 17th Century Spain, retaining the Dominican republic conceded Haiti. According to reports France, the uk and the Netherlands were active in the area.

In 1789 thirteen British colonies formed an independent united states of America. The rest was reserved for Indians. The population expanded rapidly. Reportedly, over half of european migrants were indentured servants. In 1803 according to a report, France sold Louisiana for $15 million.

Hispaniola is part of the greater Antilles along with Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rica and the Cayman Islands. In 2004 Haiti became the subject of a u.n. peace keeping agreement. According to a report, nine years ago Eurasian minerals and New mining corp. were granted permits to mine for gold in the northern territories.

Mauritania has a long history of french influence and according to reports is considered part of the Sahel and the Arab maghred. The Sahel which translates to shore is a corridor which stretches from the Sudan, through Chad, Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Burkino Faso and Senegal. According to a report, since 1999 Mali’s main export has been gold.

Reportedly in July 2021 France said they would halve their military presence in the region by early 2022, and some bases in Mali would close to be followed by a european special forces presence in Niger. According to a report Niger holds France’s main source of uranium for its nuclear industry.

Reportedly past problems have been massacres and the poisoning of wells. According to a report many in Burkino Faso, Mali and Niger are facing displacement and hunger. A major problem reported in the Sahel is land degradation leading to no food. In September 2020 the eu pledged €1.7 billion in humanitarian support.

According to reports, Ireland, the Netherlands and Belgium have low corporate tax rates for multinationals which have resulted in some discord within the eu. In the case of Apple, resulted in a court case as eu tax was said to have been evaded.

According to a report it was suggested by the eu competition commisioner in 2016 that Ireland may not see all of tax owed if Apple choose to pay larger amounts to its u.s. headquarters. Reportedly a court ruling in Luxembourg said there was not enough evidence to show Apple had minimised its tax bill. According to reports the case was appealed by Ireland in 2020 but most of the revenue collected in 2018 following directions by the commission is being kept in the custody of a third party until a final verdict is reached.

Reportedly Ireland has a 12.5% corporate tax rate, one of the lowest in Europe and nearly a third lower than the u.s. rate of 35%. Has resulted in companies such as animal testing laboratories and pharmaceuticals who dump chemical waste in their local environment.