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According to a report, France will give back items taken by the french army during a war in Benin, then the wealthy African kingdom of Dohomey in present day Nigeria. Reportedly, the 26 items which include a royal throne and statues were taken from the former french colony’s royal palace. According to the report, members of the french national assembly, the lower house of parliament have voted unanimously to return the items, the matter is now heading to the senate.

Reportedly, the president of Benin told Jeune Africa magazine that he was not satisfied, though he recognised small steps on behalf of France. According to reports, the items are part of 70,000 African objects in the Quai Branly museum, Paris.

According to reports, the uk have faced calls to return artefacts such as the Elgin marbles to Greece and the Benin bronzes to the president of Benin. Reportedly, the Elgin marbles are a collection of classical Greek sculptures dating from the 5th Century bc., originally part of the parthenon and metropolis of Athens. According to a report, between 1800 and 1803 the seventh earl of Elgin removed some of the surviving sculptures and transported them to Britain, they are currently on display in the Duveen gallery of the British museum. According to reports, in 1887 British troops looted thousands of art works, known as the Benin bronzes. Reportedly the British museum holds around 73,000 Afrcan objects stolen during wars and colonisation.

According to a report, european state owned institutions require legislation to return their collections which has been innitiated in France and Germany. Reportedly, uk legislation does not allow British museums to do the same.

According to reports, quarrels between political factions caused the coup in Sudan, dissolving the joint civilian military government and causing mass protests.

Reportedly, protestors have blocked the main country’s port for weeks. According to reports, Sudan who experienced 70% inflation have been struggling with economic measures called for by international financial institutions.

Reportedly, from around 1500 bc Sudan had egyptian influences. According to reports, during uk rule in Egypt, Britain ruled Sudan through egyptian administrators until 1882 when sudanese and egyptian forces conjoined in an uprising, Britain won. According to reports, the 1952 revolution resulted in an end to colonialism in favour of pan-arab nationalism.

Reportedly, Sudan’s Islamic rule created a rift between the north which held the seat of government and the animist and Christian south. Political differences resulted in the south fighting for independence, creating two states, the republic of Sudan and the republic of south Sudan.

According to reports, Omar al Bashir who ruled Sudan from 1989-2019 is accused of directing a brutal campaign against residents in Darfur, 2003-present. Reportedly he is charged in his own country of corruption.

According to a report, following a coup in 2019 a joint military civilian council and chief justice was authorised. According to the report, the newly appointed prime minister, an economist worked for the u.n. economic mission for Africa.

Reportedly, Darfur is situated in the petroleum basin belt from the gulf of Guinea to Sudan.

According to a report, representatives from France, the u.s. and Niger arrived in Mali on Saturday for a weekend of talks aimed at persuading the military government to return to civilian administration. Reportedly, the delegates are pressuring for an election by February.

There is an unknown number of u.n. troops in the Sahel region. According to reports, fifty three french soldiers have died since 2013. Reportedly, France who have 5,000 troops in Mali are planning a 50% reduction by 2022, and are pulling out of their northern bases in Kidal, Tessalit and Timbuktu. According to the report, the task force takuba, a european military task force will move from Mali to Niger. Reportedly, a Russian military group may eventually take France’s role.

Reportedly, poverty in Mali and Burkina Faso was a factor in a border dispute over the 180 kilometre mineral rich Agacher strip, settled by Algerian mediation and the international court of justice in 1986.

According to a report, Mali is the third largest producer of gold in Africa. Reportedly, Africa has been exploited by european powers since 1881. According to the report, African goods have resulted in a trade surplus and a market that buys from a colonial power.

Reportedly, the u.n. presence is to target islamic state and affiliated groups. According to a report a 2012 coup following the assassination of Colonel Gadaffi was related to western policies.

Reportedly the 2020 coup followed protests about conflict and poverty. Another military coup in 2021 was led by Assimi Goïta who became president. According to a report, he had experience working with the u.s. army special forces.

Reportedly, since May 2020 over 2,000 people have been killed, 300,000 have been displaced. According to reports, conflicts arise over resources. Farmers and herders make up 80% of the population.

According to reports, atleast six people have died on the Belarus-Polish border. Reportedly, the eu have accused Belarus of people smuggling. According to a report, migrants from Syria and northern Iraq, possibly Kurdish paid €7,000 to travel via Belarus into Poland where they were met by cars, they are seeking asylum.

Reportedly, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia are experiencing a rapid increase in people trying to cross their borders. According to reports, the polish parliament have approved a bill allowing border guards to expel migrants trying to cross the border illegally.

Reportedly, Poland have accused Belarus of deliberately abandoning migrants near its border in an attempt to destabilise the eu, because of sanctions. According to a report, the eu,who say they are in favour of dialogue have subjected 166 persons and 15 entities to an assets freeze.

Reportedly, Belarus has been under the scrutiny of the u.n. who detailed torture and ill treatment of detainees. According to a report, some complaints from protestors were the arrest of opposition candidates and economic and social policies.

Reportedly, on 23 May a Ryan air flight from Athens to Vilnius, Lithuania was told there was a bomb on board that would detonate in Vilnius, resulted in a detour to Minsk. According to reports, on board was a journalist accused of partiality and fighting with the Ukraine in the Russian-Ukraine war, which he covered.

According to a report, homelessness in Ireland, an evolving issue began to affect women and children in the nineties. According to the report there were ten thousand homeless people in 2019, a third were children. Reportedly, in 2021, 8,212 adults and children were registered as homeless. Figures relate to those living in emergency accomodation.

According to reports, the housing for all plan aims to eradicate homelessness by 2030. Reportedly, the government say they will complete 17,000 to 18,000 homes. According to a report, the inspector general of the construction industry federation said it is up to the government to put plans and funds in place.

Reportedly, rents have been rising by 13-18% annually. According to a report, rents throughout Ireland, outside the cities average at €1,117 per month, to €2,000 per month in Dublin. Reportedly the rental accommodation scheme to suit long term housing needs will be replaced by hap. The housing accommodation payment is said to pay eligible tennants’ rents minus 30% of their income.

Reportedly, rental accommodation is very scarce and investor funds are continuing to buy up homes. Small changes in government legislation, tax etc, often diluted and delayed has been an ineffective incentive to land and property owners.

According to reports, the u.s. are appealing an earlier decision not to extradite Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks. The case will be heard on 27/28 October. Reportedly, the u.s. want to put Julian on trial for publishing a series of leaks provided by a u.s. army intelligence analyst. The first leaks in 2010 were named the diplomatic cables leaks. According to the report a 2006 memo on Ireland discussed the Irish government’s attempt to oppose u.s. military use of Shannon airport, later leaks relate to the Iraqi war and the war in Afghanistan.

According to reports, following the u.n. invasion of Iraq, troops found mass Kurdish graves. Reportedly, the Anfal campaign, Saddam Hussein’s offensive in northern Iraq was known to the west. According to a report between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurdish people died. Another report stated Kurds trying to leave Iraq died of starvation on the border with Syria. Reportedly, Kurdish people originate from an area that became northern Iraq, south eastern Turkey, north western Iran and northern Syria.

According to a report, the demonisation of Saddam Hussein set the stage for western offensives. Reportedly, sanctions came into effect 100 hours after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. In 1991, security council resolution 687 requested a plan for the immediate deployment of a u.n. observation unit in Khawr abd Allah, a region in the Persian gulf bordering Iraq and Kuwait. Reportedly, following the Iraqi war around 2011, combined task force 158 was established in Khawr abd Allah to protect Iraqi waters and oil infrastructure.

According to resolution 687, all states shall prevent sale and supply to Iraq. Resulted in dependence on aid. The resolution made lifting the embargo conditional to acceptance of a redefining of the border between Iraq and Kuwait. Reportedly, according to a Kuwait newspaper Iraq complained to the secretary general and the u.n. security council in 2019 concerning geographical changes to its maritime border. According to a report, conceding the Khawr abd Allah to Kuwait has constituted a crisis.

According to a report, at peak Iraq was selling 2.1 billion barrels of oil per day. In resolution 687 the executive decides that all states including Iraq shall take the necessary measures to insure that no claim shall lie at the instance of the government of Iraq, or of any person in Iraq in connection to any contract or other transaction where its performance was affected by reason of the measures taken by the council in resolution 661.

Reportedly the Rwandan genocide occurred between 7 April and 15 July 1994, during which time there were between 500,000 and 800,000 tutsi deaths at the hands of hutis.

Reportedly Rwanda was part of the german empire, followed by a league of nations mandate for Belgian rule, both controlled through reigning tutsi kings. According to a report, tutsi leadership agitated for independence. The Rwandan revolution began in 1959. Reportedly, colonial powers supported hutis who fought with Belgians and a policy of replacing tutsi chiefs and promoting huti control was established. According to reports the revolution resulted in an estimated 336,000 tutsi refugees.

Reportedly, in 1990 some refugees in Uganda formed an armed group, the Rwandan patriotic front and launched attacks in Rwanda, lead to a civil war and extremism. In 1993 the Arusha accords was signed by the huti government, the Rwandan patriotic front, the organisation of African unity and the u.n. According to a report twenty one cabinet posts were allocated in a new transitional government, and a prime minister appointed who was also acting president, a u.n. presence supervised.

Reportedly, on 6 April 1994 a plane carrying the Rwandan president and the President of Burundi, both hutis was shot down killing everyone on board. According to the report the rpf were blamed, the hutis began an organised campaign of slaughter.

According to reports, on 7 April 1994 roadblocks were set up and hutis began a door to door campaign targeting the tutsi population. Reportedly around 500,000 to 800,000 tutsis were murdered.

According to reports, on 10 April the prime minister, her husband and ten Belgian soldiers were murdered. Reportedly, the u.n. who were debating the crisis resolved to send 6,800 police and protect the hitu.

Reportedly, from late April onwards the Rwandan patriotic front advanced and an estimated 1-2 million hutis fled to Burundi, Tanzania and the democratic republic of the Congo, fearing reprisals.

According to reports a french lead military campaign from June- August, under u.n. mandate, consisting of surveillance and fighter aircraft, 2,500 ground troops and 100 armed combat vehicles were accused of propping up the genocidal huti regime. Reportedly, the government fled to the Congo in July, killings persisted.

The French presidential elections are planned for April-May 2022. Reportedly, key election issues are work, cost of living, the environment, immigration and security. According to reports the president who is head of the executive, head of state and commander of the armed forces also appoints the prime minister. Emmanuel Macron is president since 2017. He is expected to run for re-election.

Another candidate is Marine Le Pen of Ressemblent national whose founder was Jean-Marie Le Pen, Marine’s father. Main themes are immigration and security. Now pro eu. Reportedly, other candidates are; Jean-Luc Mélenchon, former member of the european parliament and founder of La France insoumice, translates as unsubmissive France. Main themes, cost of living and minimum wage; Ann Hidalgo, current mayor of Paris. Themes, education, health, wages and ecology and Yannic Jadot, green party and mep. Themes are climate, health, the environment and social justice. According to a report he has pledged to put an end to industrial animal farming.

Reportedly Les Republicains are yet to select their candidate, three possibilities are Xavier Bertrand, Valerie Pècresse and Michel Barnier. Reportedly, Xavier Bertrand’s agenda is a review of the goal to bring the share of nuclear in France’s energy mix down to 50%. According to a report 70.6% of France’s electricity is generated by nuclear means. According to reports, President of the Îl de France region, Valerie Pécresse served as minister for public accounts and state reforms in the government of Françoise Fillon. Reportedly a new prime minister was appointed following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy in the 2012 presidential elections.

According to a report, in 2006 Michel Barnier served as a special adviser to the then president of the european commission José Manuel Barroso, he proposed a european civil protection force and was a member of a group of politicians who were rewriting the treaty establishing the constitution of Europe into what became known as the Lisbon treaty. Reportedly he served as the european commission’s head of task force for relations with the u.k. from 2019-21.

According to a report, eu countries are in debt to the extent only a fiscal program will be able to tackle. According to the report mainly Sweden and Denmark will not have to make the adjustment. A fiscal program within the eurozone is authorised by the european central bank. The printing of notes in order to loan to another nation does not affect the loaner’s economy and is beneficial.

The only alternative to a fiscal program is to borrow more. Nextgenerationeu is a temporary financial plan consisting of €2.018 trillion being presented as being available for borrowing to the european commision.

Rising debts are not just a european problem. According to a report, u.s. national debt stands at $28.8 trillion. According to reports, as of last quarter of 2020 eu nations owed around €6.94 trillion.