onlinenewsviews.com

Is proportionate representation as a central policy the way to go?
Beliefs that racism and extremism exist in some european parliaments might be better addressed if civil rights prevailed rather than proportionate representation. For instance, as called neo-nazis’ protest marches through Jewish areas in Berlin were permitted on the basis of freedom of speech, even though uncivil.
Every situation is thought to be unique, and freedom can be over substantiated. For instance, an answer to the question,Does the action violate some individual’s civil rights? In the case of the Berlin marches, is yes; and it may lead to hate crimes.
Politicians representing racist ideas and policies are an influence in the wrong direction and detrimental to society.
With regard to the study of hate crimes, war is thought to be a main factor, leading not only to crimes of retaliation; but can a soldier who has killed needlessly, that is because of a concept of supremacy, stop hating when he returns home?

During the reign of Peter I of Russia, known as Peter the Great, the tsardom was reportedly transformed into a major european power. According to some he was crowned with his elder half brother, Ivan V at the age of 10. There was an expansion of the Russian empire during his reign which was reportedly shared with his older half brother Ivan V until he was 24 years of age.

Peter’s son Alexei Petrovich was imprisoned, according to reports due to a charge of treason. Peter II, son of Prince Alexei was documented to have succeeded to the throne due to his maternal uncle, the holy Roman emporer Charles VI. According to reports, Peter’s mother died when he was three and his father Alexei was documented to have died in prison.

The young Peter was reportedly taken to Vasilievsky Island, Saint Petersburg to the home of as called statesman Alexander Menshikov, believed to be a great friend of Peter I. Menshikov was involved in the as called Supreme Privy Council, a body of royal advisors to Peter’s widow, Catherine, and was said to have been the de facto leader of Imperial Russia for two years. His official titles reportedly included Prince of the Russian empire, Prince of the Roman empire, generalissimo of the Russian army, Admiral of the navy and Governor-General of St. Petersburg. There was some dissent, much criticism and accusations. May have been due to intrigue. According to the as called Saxon ambassador, not even Peter I was so feared and obeyed. Menshikov was stripped of his rank, and was sent to Siberia. Peter showed no desire to rule and was kept under Ivan Dolgoruky’s influence. The proposed marriage to Menshikov’s daughter, Mary was cancelled.

Later Peter became engaged to be married to Ekatriona Dolgorukova but is reported to have died of small pox on the day the wedding was to have taken place. More intrigue. Ekatriona was placed in the convent of Tomsk. She was reportedly freed by Catherine II, thought to be four years later.

Peter II who was documented to have died, age 14 was succceded by Anna Ivanovna, daughter of Peter the Great’s half brother Ivan V. Ivan has been described as unstable. He died when Anna was three years old. Anna was believed to be a supporter of Saxony who were active in the region. Interference of the Polish-lithuanian commonwealth was documented during Anna’s reign; and war in Crimea.

After Anna’s death, Elizabeth Petrovna succeeded the throne. There were many wars in America and Europe at this time. Great building works and a no execution policy made her popular. Elizabeth was the daughter of Peter I and his second wife, Catherine. Her half brother was Alexei Petrovich who according to documentation did not want to succeed to the throne. His thought to be defection reportedly lead to harsh reprisals for himself and his associates.

On the death of Elizabeth, Peter III became emperor. He was dead 6 months later. His thought to be wife Catherine II was reported to be a reader of Voltaire and philosophies of the French enlightenment. She ruled for over thirty years after his death. Lutheranism had become distinguished.

An ethnographic study at the end of the 19th Century established that Northern Macedonia, the former Ottoman province of Skopje was predominantly populated by Slavs while the majority of the population of central and Southern Macedonia, former Ottoman provinces of Monastiri and Thessolonika was mainly inhabited by Greeks. According to documentation, Northern Macedonia became part of the larger Greek Macedonia to form one state during the eastern Roman empire.

After the schism between east and west thought to be around 395, and the collapse of the western Roman empire; the as called eastern Roman empire continued for a further thousand years. Reported to be a powerful economic, cultural and military force, it fell to the Ottomans in 1453.

The Russian empire was said to have been established by Peter, known as the Great and his half brother Ivan in 1721, through a number of wars. Northern Macedonia, officially the Republic of Macedonia was documented to be inhabited by Bulgarians, Serbs and others. There followed centuries of contention.

Northern Macedonia became a member state of the former Yugoslavia after world war 1 under the name of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Formed from former territories of the Austria-Hungarian empire and reportedly the Kingdom of Serbia, Peter I reigned as the last king of Serbia and first king of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. His son and successor Alexander I was assassinated by an as described Bulgarian revolutionary in 1934. Not to be confused with Alexander I of Serbia who was assassinated along with his wife, reportedly by a group of royal Serbian army officers whose captain later assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand according to documentation, leading to the first world war.

The kingdom was said to gain international recognition during the 1920’s. The official name of the state was changed to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, or south Slavs. A federation of six republics, reportedly Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Joseph Tito was President until his death in 1980. Known to be a leader of the Partisans, a resistance movement in German occupied Yugoslavia during the second world war and thought to be a founding member of the Non-Aligned movement. A group not affiliated to any power bloc. He was born in what was then Austria-Hungary. Now Croatia. He was captured by the imperial Russians during the first world war, and was reportedly sent to a work camp. According to documentation he participated in some events of the Russian revolution of 1917. He joined the communist party of Yugoslavia on his return. He was a member of Cominform, an international alliance of communist parties in europe, and reportedly the first member to defy Soviet hegemony. He was the only member to leave and begin with a socialist program for Yugoslavia.

During the 1980’s, Albanians of Kosovo started to demand their own autonomous state.

Slobodan Milośevič served as President of Serbia, thought to be from 1987, and was a member of the socialist republic of Yugoslavia. He was believed to have risen to power during efforts to reform the 1974 Yugoslav constitution, reportedly in response to alleged marginalization of Serbs by ethnic Albanians.

During the nineties socialist Yugoslavia began to lose power. The as called League of Communists of Slovenia and Croatia were reported to have walked out of the last congress of the league of communists of Yugoslavia in 1990. A documented debt crisis was an item on the agenda.

Yugoslavia was in dissolution. May have been partisan issues. Only Serbia and Montenegro remained federated but ethnic Serbs and ethnic Croats were said to be vulnerable in the former Yugoslav states. The as called K.L.A was formed in the 1990’s, reportedly by Albanians of Kosovo who launched attacks on Serbs. Yugoslav troops retaliated. There followed an aerial bombardment on Yugoslavia, according to documentation by nato. A high number of predominantly muslim Albanians are believed to have fled from Sarajevo.

In the aftermath of the war a united nations administered supreme court claimed Yugoslav troops were guilty of murders, rapes, arsons and other maltreatments. Difficult to ascertain the truth. Also insufficient evidence of a genocide as has been suggested.

As described United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 was said to authorise an international civil and military presence in Yugoslavia, establishing the as called United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, UNMIK. Yugoslav forces withdrew from Kosovo. The then secretary general is said to have appointed a special representative whose job it is to meet with heads of state on critical human rights issues. May be seen as politicised by some who are beginning to question the u.n.’s involvement in various areas.

Operation Deliberate Force was described as a sustained air campaign, Thought to be by the u.n., directed at the army of the as called Republika Srpska or republic of Serbia, not to be confused with Serbia.

A renowned conference leading to the as called Dayton agreement took place, according to documentation, from 1st to 21st November 1995 on what is believed to have been a secure u.s. military airbase with reportedly eight hundred staff and attendants. Serbian president Slobodan Milośevič attended representing Bosnian Serbs, Franjo Tudman representing Croatians and Alija Izetbegovič representing Bosniacs. Representatives of the commonwealth and the u.k. military were present. Other delegates thought to be from the u.s., eu and Russia. No media allowed. “Getting people out of their comfort zones” and, “the carrot and stick” were reportedly used in a documented effort to pressurise the main parties. Signatories were the as described representatives of three ethnic groups; plus Bill Clinton, Jaques Chirac, John Major, Helmut Kohl and Viktor Chemomyrdin.

The as called Peace Implementation Council was said to be charged with implementing the Dayton peace agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Established in London, u.k. in December 1995, the council is described as the realisation through high representatives of the thought to be international community’s governance of Bosnia & Herzegovina, believed by Serbs to be mainly representative of the Bosniac muslim population. So far, all documented high representatives have been from european union countries while, according to reports their principle deputies have been from the u.s. The as called Office of International Supervisor was reported as suspended as of 2012. Republika Srpska remains unrecognised. According to the map Srpska is divided by the Brčko District which is described as being under direct sovereignity of B&H. The area being subject to as called international supervision. Many details remain unclear.

Slobodan Milośevič, president of Serbia had promised protection for all Serbs. The European Union promised to ensure that Serbs outside of Serbia would be protected.

The as called Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement are reported to have won Wednesday’s election though there is some dissent; especially with regard to English speaking villages where the documented low turnout was said to be due to civilians fleeing violence. Voting stations were reportedly destroyed in English speaking areas following the election. Blamed on a rift, the English speaking region of western Cameroon is seemingly affluent.
Ownership of the as described oil and gas rich Bakassi Peninsula was transferred to Anglophone Cameroon as a result of a ruling by the as called International Court of Justice in 2007.
Police are believed to be on high alert following a number of as described seperatist attacks in the strategic Douala, believed to be a major exporter of oil.
Cameroon’s president has reportedly urged young people, termed separatists to lay down their arms. Recent reports of civilians being killed and homes torched have been blamed on so called occupational forces. According to one Cameroonian, the work of the u.n.

It is not known for sure whether a said to be u.k. backed u.n. resolution to oversee a peace process in Libya has been passed. The Libyan army is reported to be backed by the United Arab Emirates but UAE contingents recently visited London and did not appear to be on one side or the other.
Turkey is being criticised by the u.n. for reportedly supporting the u.n. backed government of national accord. According to a news report, Boris Johnson wants the u.k. to oversee a ceasefire. General Haftar has refused to grant landing permission to u.n. staff.

Although the problem of third world hunger is now thought to be linked to a suitable water supply, the idea of growing food to replace expensive animal rearing as a means to feed the world was once broached to an economist. He is believed to have replied that nothing would change because the price of beans and lentils would rise accordingly. In a capitalist culture, prices rise according to needs, and because needs are exploited in this way, self sufficiency may be the only answer.

According to documentation, Turkish activity in the Idlib and Aleppo districts began in 2017. A de-escalation zone was proposed as an as called neutral venue for peace talks. Resolution 2254, dated January 2016 called for peace talks, and u.n. supervision of democratic elections, said to be held within 18 months. Not held. Resolution 2254 was documented as to be invoked by Iran, Russia and Turkey, but Turkey says the north eastern region, thought to be populated by Kurds reported to be autonomous, is a threat.
As of now, Turkey may have twenty or more military posts in the Idlib and Aleppo provinces. According to news reports, local inhabitants are leaving in their droves, with no thought for their homes. In April 2019, the Syrian government began a counter-attack.
It is not known what Turkey plans for the area. Talk of relocating refugees, but perhaps are following u.n. orders. They are believed to have recently reinforced their presence with a reported 60 vehicle convoy entering Syria yesterday.

A Saudi air strike in Yemen yesterday has reportedly resulted in the deaths of over thirty, said to be civilians according to reports. The attack followed a report that Yemeni forces said they had shot down a Saudi war plane.

The as called Operation Barkhane, said to have begun in 2014 is documented as operating within five former colonies, listed as Burkino Faso, Mali, Niger, Chad and Mauritania. Although said to be fighting thought to be Sunni Muslim contingents, the border region of Burkino Faso, Niger and Mali is reportedly where the violence occurs.France have a history of dominance in the area. Border treaties with the British colony of Nigeria resulted in a border change in 1910. Forty one french soldiers and an unknown number of Africans have been killed in the present conflict which is ongoing.

Thomas Sankara was documented by Africans to be the last prime minister of Upper Volta which he renamed Burkino Faso, the uncorruptables. The position was said by Africans to now be abolished. A Marxist and Pan-Africanist, Thomas Sankara is said to be viewed by supporters as Africa’s Che Guevara. His policies were centred around nationalism of mineral wealth, thereby averting the power of the, as called International Monetory Fund and the World Bank.

Yemen was divided between east and west after the first world war and is now reportedly controlled by an as called provisional government. Believed to be in crisis with a reported eighty percent of Yemenese people in need of humanitarian assistance, the u.n. who are asking the public to fund aid are planning to fly thirty reportedly sick people to Jordan and Egypt for treatment.
The war is believed to be a fight for sovereignty. Yemen is said to have gained independence but this is not the case. Designated rebels, Yemenese forces have agreed to accept aid from the same forces who are exploiting them. Millions are said to have walked, with nowhere to go.