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According to a report, in 1956 the British and french prime ministers, Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet discussed a proposal that France join the commonwealth. The following year France signed the treaty of Rome, reportedly establishing the european economic council which became the eu. In November 1956 Britain and France tried to capture the Suez canal but withdrew, thought to be due to a lack of international support. Reportedly Lord Mountbatten said that the queen was against the invasion. Anthony Eden disagreed. Two months later he resigned.

On entering politics in the early 1920’s Eden reportedly wanted to specialise in foreign affairs. He wrote for the Yorkshire post under the pseudonym ‘Backbencher’. In 1931 he became under secretary for foreign affairs but according to a source was dropped because of objections to Neville Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement with regard to Hitler and nazi Germany. In 1923 in the house of commons he was said to have been criticised for opposing undue French disarmament. He fell out of favour.

In 1934 he was appointed a nominal secretarial position in the newly formed league of nations but appeared to do well. He met Hitler reportedly in 1935, and was said to have warned against persisting in policies that would consolidate against the whole league of nations. He proceeded to meet Stalin of Russia. No conflict of interests were noted.

The commonwealth consists of 54 nations, all of which were dominians of the British empire. Reportedly it is a voluntary organisation, the head being Elizabeth II. The secretary-general or head of the central institution is the Baroness Scotland of Athsai. The post of chair-in-office is held by Boris Johnson. A recurring theme is common allegiance to the crown. The statute of Westminster, 1931 is ambiguous as it sanctions legislative independence of the dominions and binds them to seek approval in return for monarchical titles. Modified versions are said to be domestic law in Australia and Canada. New Zealand repealed the statute of Westminster which reportedly had the effect of making dominians more independent.

The London declaration of 1949 was issued following an Indian intention to become a republic which was discussed in the 1949 commonwealth prime ministers conference. Four days before the conference Ireland declared itself a free state. Only eight parties attended the conference, the theme being whether a commonwealth state could become a republic and remain in the commonwealth, and if so would it have the same status as those who had the British sovereign as head of state.

The term ‘commonwealth’ was first used officially in the Anglo Irish treaty of 1921. The text of which provided for an Irish free state within a year as a self governing dominion of the commonwealth of nations, known as the British empire. The anglo-Irish trade agreement of 1938 stipulated that Ireland had to pay the sum of £10 million to the united kingdom, reportedly for loans given to anglo Irish farmers to compensate for the compulsory purchase of their land.

Reportedly, following criticism and scrutiny of the British monarchy, prime minister John Major announced that the queen should pay income tax from 1993 onwards. In 2019 the British crown estate was estimated at £14.3 billion. Reportedly the national audit company was not allowed to audit royal finances. Figures regarding the queen’s annual expenditure were estimated at £41.5 million for financial year 2008/2009. Reportedly the sovereign grant was £31 million for 2012/13 rising to £76.1 million for 2017/18. The sovereign grant is a payment by the British government, said not to be dependant on the payment of taxes. Reportedly about a third of the grant is used for property maintenance of the royal palaces.

Reportedly some investments are held in two financial centres in the Caymen islands and Bermuda. The queen has been accused of tax avoidance. A Memorandum of Understanding was published in 1993 and amended in 1996, 2009 and 2013. According to the report it is intended that the arrangements in the memorandum will be followed by the next monarch. The duchy of Cornwall is land and assets that produce an income for the eldest son.

Reportedly, according to a study carried out by Trinity college academics concerning twenty five recipients of methadone maintenance treatment, sixteen of which for over twenty years, users view themselves as lifers, methadone as a ball and chain and say doctors rarely help in getting them off the drug. According to the report those who wanted to reduce the dose or become drug free were not allowed to discuss it with the clinician.

Indefinite methadone maintenance therapy was introduced in Ireland in the late 1980’s due to what is described as an epidemic of heroine use and associated danger of infectious diseases such as hepatitis and aids. According to a report in 1999, 40% of aids victims injected drugs.

Northern Ireland unionist paramilitary groups are believed to be involved in a politicised drug strategy. The release of prisoners from the Maize in 2000 according to a source was followed by a lack of services including interrupted income support payments, leading to crime.

By 2017 45% of drug misuse in Ireland was related to heroine. In 2019 heroin addiction was said to be the problem in the majority of cases needing treatment. Opiates are reportedly the main drug related to drug induced deaths. There were 736 drug related deaths in Ireland in 2016.

On Saturday, the christian democratic union will be electing a new chairman to replace Angela Merkel who is reportedly standing down prior to a planned general election on September 26. The new cdu party leader is to be elected digitally by 1,001 delegates.

The cdu party leader is usually candidate for the position of chancellor of Germany. The chancellor is responsible for the day to day running of government. Angela Merkel, current chancellor, also said to be commander of the german armed forces has held the position since the cdu were elected in 2005.

A union of conservatism and socialism has been a trend in some parts globally, thought to provide balance though not always a genuine alternative. Reported candidates for the chancellorship of a two party coalition are the cdu’s Armin Laschet and the Christian socialist union party leader Markus Söder. Both are said to be pro-Jewish. Söder is reportedly ahead in the opinion polls.

Seemingly only the young are taking part in the recent northern Ireland protests. According to reports, protestors’ concerns centre around post Brexit borders, though border protocol will benefit northern Ireland. Issues could be directives and/or political uncertainty.

An aspect of the Belfast agreement currently being tested is north south cooperation, reportedly supported by the north south ministerial council and said to be staffed by personnel from both regions. The council oversees cooperation in 12 sectors. Some listed are health, education, agriculture, environment, energy, tourism and security.

With regard to health, the hse are thought to be given directives from the nhs. Looking at education in Britain, reportedly the curriculum in non fee paying schools is mandatory. Not so for private schools who are believed to have their own curriculum. Environmental concerns in southern Ireland centre around problems with water and other commodities. A current concern is wind turbines which are thought to be diffusing areas with particles. In the south, housing is a central issue in terms of standard, discrimination and availability, and constitutes a crisis. Problems with energy; monopolies of energy innitiatives such as what happened with Corrib oil. And cross border policing, said to be a cooperation between An Garda siochána and the psni. Problems may be intelligence from political components, ommisions, false reports etc.

Queen Elizabeth the Queen mother was born Elizabeth Bowes Lyon. Lyons being a family who lived in Glamis castle in the Scottish lowlands. Reportedly the ninth earl, John Lyon married Mary Bowes whose father, through the control of a cartel of coal mining owners, according to a report left her the richest girl in the uk, perhaps europe. In 1923 Elizabeth married prince Albert who became George VI.

In 1925 Albert and Elizabeth visited northern Ireland and Kenya, Yemen, Uganda and Sudan. The governor-general of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was assassinated in Cairo in November 1924 so Egypt was avoided. Elizabeth II was born in 1926. According to reports, the following year Albert and Elizabeth travelled extensively, journeying to Australia via Jamaica, the Panama canal, Fiji, on to New Zealand and returning via Mauritius, the Suez Canal, Malta and Gibralter: In 1930 at Glamis, Margaret was born. According to a source Elizabeth II spent early years in Bulgaria. May be of Bulghur or Magyar heritage. The Magyar people are thought to have migrated following a feud with Bulghurs and settled elsewhere. They became Huns and later saxons.

In 1936 prince Albert or George VI and Elizabeth became king and queen of Britain, Ireland and the British dominians, and emporer and empress of India. In 1939 the couple toured Canada extensively. It was said to be a success and Elizabeth returned frequently. They also visited president Roosevelt and first lady Eleanor at their estate. Thought to have been a public relations exercise. The second world war began weeks later. The appeasement of nazi Germany was known to be supported by the monarchy, saxon peerage, prime minister Neville Chamberlain, France and others, especially during the early years.

Saxony-Wittenberg, present day Saxony-Anhalt was ruled by the Wettin dynasty, descendants of which are the line of Saxe, Coberg and Gotha. The house of Wettin may have been composed of Bulghurs, possibly Magyars: Though thought to have originated in present day Bulgaria, the name Wettin is derived from the town of Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt. Gaining more and more influence they began to rule large parts of Germany and were said to have played a central role in the protestant reformation. The house of Wettin ascended to the uk and many european thrones. Likewise Magyars, possibly originating from northern Bulgaria have settled elsewhere in various capacities, many retaining an attachment to suzerainty.

George I of Greece, born 1845 replaced the Bavarian king Otto who, believed to be subject to the convention of London and the great powers of the uk, France and Russia isn’t believed to have functioned as an absolute monarchy. A rise of nationalism lead to Greeks insisting on a constitution that would require that there be Greeks on the national council, to which Otto agreed. Even so there was a coup in 1862 and the great powers advised him not to resist. He and Queen Amalia left Greece for Bavaria on a british battle ship.

George I was reportedly the second son of the king and queen of Denmark and nominated by the great powers. In 1889 his eldest son Constantine married princess Sophia of Prussia. Three of their sons ascended to the greek throne. The fourth was Andrew, prince of Greece and Denmark who became the father of prince Philip.

The Greek Turkish war of 1897 occured when Greece tried to reclaim Crete from the Ottoman empire, but the uk, France, Russia and Italy reportedly divided the island. George was appointed high commissioner and a joint muslim-christian assembly was established but this didn’t result in a cessation of hostilities. A greek defeat resulted in a peace treaty and heavy reparations, reportedly leading to the greek economy coming under international scrutiny, and a subsequent coup in 1909.

George I was killed in Thessoliniki in 1913 during the first Balkan war. He was reportedly shot by Alexandros Schinos. Possible socialist or nationalist motives. He was succeeded by Constantine I.

According to reports Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Serbia defeated the Ottoman empire during the first Balkan war. Bulgaria seemingly unsatisfied with the result of the first war began a second Balkan war, Macedonia is thought to have been a factor. Bulgaria fought its former allies and Romania joined in, attacking Bulgaria due to their own territorial disputes. Resulted in the treaty of Constantinople.

The first world war broke out in 1914. Reportedly in 1915 the uk and their allies proposed to side with both Bulgaria and Greece. Bulgaria decided to join Germany and Austria-Hungary in attacking Serbia. Eleftherios Venizelos, a Greek statesman reportedly invited the allies to disembark in Thessoliniki, seemingly so they could help Serbia, but they said they were too late. According to a report, lead to an allied presence in the area as far as Albania. Bulgaria attacked present day northern Macedonia and other Greek and Serbian territory.

Constantine and his eldest son George left Greece in 1917 during the first world war and Alexander, his second son reportedly became king. Said to be inexperieced, he may have been subject to Venizelism, thought to be a nationalist/socialist movement popular until the 1970’s. After three years, following a monkey bite he died of sepsis, which resulted in the return of Constantine and George. Constantine reportedly abdicated again two years later and most of the family were exiled, including Constantine’s younger brother Andrew, father to prince Philip who was born prince of Greece and Denmark.

Constantine was succeeded by George II who reigned from 1922-24 when according to reports following a coup he was exiled to Romania where he reportedly remained until 1934 when the monarchy was restored, but a german invasion in 1941 resulted in his third exile. He settled in London where he is said to have lead the greek government in exile. He died of heart disease in 1947 and having no children his younger brother Paul succeeded him.

Prince Philip’s father, Andrew, fourth son of George I married princess Alice of Battenberg. After the marriage she became known as Princess Andrew. She is thought to have been congenitally deaf. She learnt to lip read. From 1930 she lived apart from her husband. Reportedly she became Anglican and according to a source became involved in charity work.

Alice was sister to Louis, prince of Battenberg, battenberg being a german term meaning, serene highness, though George V is said to have asked that the term, highness be omitted. Another source says Louis anglicised Battenberg to Mountbatten during the first world war, and in order to appease nationalist sentiment George V changed the family name of Saxe, Coburg and Gothia to Windsor.

In 1943 Louis Mountbatten was appointed supreme allied commander of south east Asia. He was reportedly made an earl the following year. Shortly after he became viceroy of British India and oversaw the partitioning of India and Pakistan. In 1952 he became the commander in chief of the royal navy, in charge of protecting trade routes east and thought to be south. He was also nato commander of the allied forces Mediterranean which was said to cover all military operations in the Mediterranean. From 1959 until 1965 he was head of the British armed forces.

According to reports several nights of northern Ireland riots have resulted in the burning of a bus, several psni injuries and 10 arrests, some said to be as young as 13. The riots have been attributed to a border between Britain and northern Ireland in view of post Brexit protocol which allows exports from northern Ireland free access to the southern Ireland and European markets, and may be British protocol.

Reportedly northern Ireland loyalist paramilitaries have withdrawn their support for the Belfast agreement, a thought to be no border policy and the current grace period which waives checks is said to end this month which means checks on both animal and agricultural products are expected to recommence as soon as can be implemented. According to a source the northern Ireland assembly met this morning to consider a motion for a complete and immediate end to violence in loyalist areas.

The united nations integrated strategy for the Sahel, u.n.i.s.s. has resulted in a cross border military presence, reportedly to deal with conflict and crime. An as called support plan for the area covers the period from 2018 to 2030 and was said to have been recalibrated to be aligned to 94% sustainable development goals.

In their report uniss recommends a mobilisation of public resources and private investment for what is described as a land of vast opportunity and one of the richest regions in the world in terms of abundant natural resources such as oil, natural gas, gold, phosphates, diamonds, copper, iron ore, bauxite and precious woods.

Two plans are a Trans Sahara highway, a transnational highway to run from west Africa to the Mediterranean Sea; and a Trans-Saharan gas pipeline from Nigeria to Algeria and european routes.

According to uniss, challenges that may affect the African vision for peace and prosperity are environment, political and security. Problems for local populations are vulnerability, unequal distribution of wealth and lack of access to resources.

Two French soldiers were killed on easter Saturday in Menaka, Mali when their vehicle hit an improvised explosive device. They were said to have been taking part in an intelligence mission not far from the Niger border.

Reportedly three more french soldiers were killed on 22 March when their armoured car hit an explosive device in the Douentza region near the border with Burkina Faso. According to a report president Macron saluted the memory of the three soldiers who died in the accomplishment of their mission. France is said to have 5,100 troops in the area. At least fourty seven have died since 2013. Thought to be protestors to mining or other extraction of assets though attacks are often blamed on religious fanatics. Mining is said to have privatised land.

The regions of Burkina Faso and Niger are according to reports some of the richest in the world in terms of natural resources; according to one report oil, gold and uranium though Niger ranks last at 189/189 in the human development index. Burkino Faso is 185th. Mali is 184.

There are concerns regarding the transparency of extracting companies. It’s difficult to equate an area said to be so rich in natural resources that also ranks 187/188 in the human development index. The problem is believed to be the soil which is reportedly the most degraded in the world, and despite numerous u.n. plus eu peace keeping and aid in the area there is no effective strategy in place to improve land and water in the region.