Author: yreape

The kingdom of Yugoslavia is reported to have been formed in 1918, being the merger of the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as it was originally called; and Montenegro. Also including Bosnia and other parts that are partitioned today. Yugoslavia was a concept among the intelligentsia, said to have been originally an idea to further freedom against occupation and tyranny. It is reported to have emerged amongst Croatian writers and philosophers. Yugoslavia, originally a colloqial term meaning, ‘land of the Southern Slavs’ was established from a sovereign Serbia and former states of the Austria-Hungary empire. In the beginning Yugoslavia was ruled by the Serb monarchy until Alexander I, the unifier who officially changed the name to Yugoslavia, was assassinated by a Bulgarian revolutionary who was reportedly affiliated to the Bulgarian Macedonian Adrianople revolutionary movement. According to documentation b.m.a.r.m. was a separatist movement in favour of the unification of all disgruntled parties of Macedonia and Adrianople in the cause of full political autonomy.
Macedonia is thought to have originally been a Greek land that came under the influence of Bulgarians. Adrianople was a region in ancient Thrace, now european Turkey near the border with Bulgaria and Greece. It is not known whether King Alexander’s assassin was aligned to the Bulgarian government.
According to documentation, on 6 April, 1941 Yugoslavia was invaded by German armed forces as planned by Hitler following a coup d’etat on 27 March. In 1943, a democratic federal Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the Yugoslav party resistance, formed during the German occupation:
Alexander’s son Peter II was educated in England. He is believed to have lived in exile following the signing of an agreement leading to a new state which was said to have discriminated against the Serbs.
A communist government was reported to have been establshed in 1946 and Yugoslavia gained more territories from Italy.
In 1963, the Socialist federal republic of Yugoslavia, as called consisted of six constituent republics: Serbia contained two believed to be autonomous provinces. Vojvodina and Kosovo.
There were reports of conflict, and a reported schism between Prince Paul, the prince regent for the underage Prince Peter and the prime minister, another Serb. The coup of March 1941 is documented to have occurred because it was said that the monarchy was involved in the establishment of a new Croatian led state. According to an official source, the coup was instigated and financed by the British. government.

There is news of u.s. air strikes in Iraq and possibly Syria, reportedly occurring overnight. It is not clear whether anyone was hurt. The offensives are said to have targeted ammunition stores and be in retaliation for attacks on the u.s. military. A media spokesperson speaking about the incident claimed that the Iraqi government invited a u.s. presence in Iraq. It is not known whether the Iraqi government have commented. Government buildings appear to be out of bounds to Iraqis.
A Turkish offensive in Syria, said by Erdogan to have been planned to achieve a second buffer zone, replacing the first which was enforced by the u.s., apparently in order to dissuade a Turkish invasion. The purpose of the second buffer zone which is 30 km deep is not clear. Could Turkey be annexing part of northern Syria? The as called second northern Syria buffer zone is reported to be patrolled by the Syrian army and the Russian secret police. Families are leaving Syria in a continuous stream of vehicles.

A fight broke out in the Montenegro Parliament which resulted in objectors to a new bill being detained. The controversial act allows the government to confiscate the property of the church.
Protests have broken out in the country as supporters of the Church campagne for religious rights. The property would include churches and monasteries. Montenegro is reported to be the largest eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox church.
Montonegro, formerly a part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with Serbia, became the subject of the Badinter Arbitration Comittee in 1991. The Badinter treaty is said by some to have ended the cold war in Europe.
The u.n. was said to have assisted independence in former states of Yugoslavia, that is Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia and Slovenia during the period of 1990-92. War broke out in 1991 lasting until 2001. Sanctions were imposed against the remaining Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, that is Serbia and Montenegro; reportedly for its support of Serbian Krajina in Croatia and Srpska in Bosnia, who wanted to remain. The Yugoslav People’s Army fought to preserve the unity of Serbs in one state. They retreated in 1992 but Bosnian Serbs continued to fight. Sanctions are believed to have created a crisis. Many non Serbs left according to official documentation. The Washington agreement in 1994, is reported to be a ceasefire agreement between Bosnian and Croatian factions. The majority of Serbs now live in the Republika Srpska.
Montenegro is named from a Venetian era, meaning black mountain, it originally referred to supposedly the mountain and a strip of land beneath it bordering Albania. The remaining republic of Yugoslavia dissolved in 2006. May have been due to sanctions.A referendum for independance in Montenegro was approved by 55.5% of voters. There followed a movement towards elitism. Reported protests beginning February 2019, have been blamed on the Socialist Party.

According to experts, without a greenhouse effect on the world’s atmosphere, the average temperature of the earth would be minus 18 degrees Celsius. The present average is fifteen degrees and said to be rising according to experts.
In the USA approximately 35% of green house gas emmisions are documented to be from the burning of petrol. About forty percent is believed to be created from the burning of coal. The radical burning of fossil fuels, especially in industry or nuclear power plants contribute to the most greenhouse gas emmisions according to an American source.
Another source is methane. Figures vary. Natural methane may be produced by the digestive tract in cattle and sheep, and due to a diet that consists wholely of grass, which is insufficient.

A supposed interim government, described as right wing, has replaced the government of Evo Morales who, according to reports began the presidency in 2006. He is believed to have been forced from office last April. There is news of the planned arrests of former government officials. Morales may now be in Argentina.

A new hearing for Julian Assange has been scheduled for February. According to news, Julian who is reported to be in solitary confinement may have problems due to sedation. There is no further word of him being extradited to the eu as per a previous news report. Is it just the US who want to silence Julian, who leaked documents, some of which reported the torture of prisoners during the Iraq war?

According to news, Turkey has been asked to intervene in Libya on behalf of the government of national accord, a supposed transitional government.
The as called government of national accord is said to be internationally recognised but the Libyan House of Representatives have failed to recognise the party and called for elections in 2018. No elections yet. There are complaints of exclusions due to politics.
The government of national accord was preceded by the General National Congress which was ousted in 2016, reportedly because of a failure to transition Libya into a permanent democratic constitution.
The HoR is said to have become a legislative body following the 2014 elections although there was a very low turnout, said to be 18%. Details not known. The HoR, said to be dissolved by a supreme court who described the 2014 elections as unconstitutional, said the ruling was made at gunpoint with the court being controlled by armed militias.

Armed attacks in the border regions, thought to be Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger were said to have risen three fold in 2019. Reportedly a convoy was ambushed in an armed attack on Christmas day. An estimated 14 soldiers were killed. No other details.
The u.n. presence in the border regions is said to be a unilateral force, including Africans. Attacks on troops are reported to now be an everyday occurrence.

According to news, inspite of Donald Trump promising to withdraw US troops from Syria, it became apparent that he later agreed to some troops remaining, reportedly to guard Syria’s oil fields.
An advisor to the Syrian government told media, “the US have absolutely no right; it is our oil.”

Thirty five people, mostly women have been killed in Burkina Faso which has been blamed on Islamic militants. The attack is said to have lasted several hours and involved many hundreds of men according to one source. Eighty attackers were killed in the cross fire. A military base was also targeted killing seven soldiers.
Hundreds are said to have been killed in Burkina Faso this year, and a million displaced according to figures. A member of Parliament and deputy mayor in Burkina Faso, Oumaru Dicko was assasinated in November. The attack began with a car bomb. Witnesses say this was foĺlowed by unidentified gunmen approaching the vehicle and taking government official and another survivor away to be executed. Attackers were said to have had sophisticated weapons.
There has been violence in Burkina Faso since a coup brought about regime change in 2015. A recent attack on a military base in the border region resulted in over seventy fatalities. Amid suspicions about France’s military presence in Burkina Faso, French president Emmanuel Macron said he believed colonialism to be a grave mistake.