Regime change in Afghanistan

Presidential elections were held in Afghanistan on Saturday. A low turn out was blamed on the threat of attacks, a muted campaign and rumours of fraud. The war in Afghanistan, which began in 2001 is said to be ongoing.
In April 1978, a military coup led to the formation of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and a socialist republic which was Soviet backed. A revolt by Sunni Islamist groups, ultra-conservative and opposed to Soviet influence, evolved into the Taliban, who were firstly a military organization, in government between 1996 and 2001, and are presently fighting the current regime.
Osama Bin Laden founded Al Qaeda in 1988 as a response to Soviet intervention in Afghanistan (1979-1989). He is of Yemeni descent. The bin Laden family are a wealthy family intimately connected with the Saudi royal family. From 1984, bin Laden was involved in fundraising, recruitment and training programs in order to deal with the Soviet regime in Afghanistan. Funds came from muslim contingents. The philosophy of Osama bin Laden might be described as elitist and absolutist. He advocated the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state. He was born in Saudi Arabia in 1957. He is most well known for masterminding the September 11 attacks on the world trade centre complex in 2001.
The US led war in Afghanistan began in October 2001. Since 2004, the US have hit thousands of targets in Pakistan. According to reports the most recent drone attack was launched last year.
The US invasion has resulted in regime change that comprises a bicarmel system. The house of the representatives of the people, and the house of elders which is said to be the upper house. Two thirds of the 102 members of the house of the elders have been appointed by the President, one third unknown. The current president of Afghanistan is Ashraf Ghani who succeeded Hamid Karzai in 2014.
Last year’s parliamentary election in Afghanistan saw a turnout of 45%, 33% of which were women. The results of the presidential election held on September 28th, according to official sources, will be known by 17th October if there is a clear winner.