Fianna fáil translates as fianna or warriors, fáil (fawl) is believed to refer to Ireland. Said to be founded in 1926, believed to be the original Irish party. Fianna fáil split from Sinn fein (ourselves/ourselves alone) on the issue of abstentionism.
Fine gael translates as Gaelic tribe. According to history, they originally formed from an Irish army thought to have British affiliations. During the early years they marched through towns but were unpopular because of their pro-treaty stance. According to history, while marching through Ballina, locals threw cabbages at them.
Aontú (ayntu) translates as unification.
Renua translates as new era. Founded from a Fine gael member who, according to one source was expelled for being pro-life. Renua are reportedly opposed to a federal Europe, particularly with regard to military affairs.